banner



Home  ›  6 8 In Simplest Form

6 8 In Simplest Form

Written By Monday, October 31, 2022 Add Comment Edit

Discussion or informational site published on the net

A blog (a truncation of "weblog")[i] is a give-and-take or informational website published on the Earth Wide Web consisting of discrete, often breezy diary-style text entries (posts). Posts are typically displayed in reverse chronological lodge and then that the most recent mail service appears first, at the top of the web folio. Until 2009, blogs were ordinarily the work of a unmarried private,[ citation needed ] occasionally of a small grouping, and often covered a single subject field or topic. In the 2010s, "multi-author blogs" (MABs) emerged, featuring the writing of multiple authors and sometimes professionally edited. MABs from newspapers, other media outlets, universities, call up tanks, advocacy groups, and similar institutions account for an increasing quantity of blog traffic. The ascension of Twitter and other "microblogging" systems helps integrate MABs and single-writer blogs into the news media. Blog can besides be used equally a verb, meaning to maintain or add content to a blog.

The emergence and growth of blogs in the late 1990s coincided with the appearance of spider web publishing tools that facilitated the posting of content by non-technical users who did non have much experience with HTML or calculator programming. Previously, noesis of such technologies equally HTML and File Transfer Protocol had been required to publish content on the Web, and early Spider web users therefore tended to exist hackers and estimator enthusiasts. In the 2010s, the majority are interactive Web ii.0 websites, allowing visitors to leave online comments, and it is this interactivity that distinguishes them from other static websites.[two] In that sense, blogging can be seen as a form of social networking service. Indeed, bloggers not merely produce content to postal service on their blogs but also often build social relations with their readers and other bloggers.[3] Withal, there are high-readership blogs which do non allow comments.

Many blogs provide commentary on a particular subject or topic, ranging from philosophy, religion, and arts to science, politics, and sports. Others function every bit more personal online diaries or online make advertisement of a detail private or company. A typical weblog combines text, digital images, and links to other blogs, spider web pages, and other media related to its topic. The ability of readers to leave publicly viewable comments, and interact with other commenters, is an important contribution to the popularity of many blogs. Yet, blog owners or authors oftentimes moderate and filter online comments to remove hate speech or other offensive content. Most blogs are primarily textual, although some focus on art (art blogs), photographs (photoblogs), videos (video blogs or "vlogs"), music (MP3 blogs), and audio (podcasts). In education, blogs can exist used as instructional resources; these are referred to as edublogs. Microblogging is another type of blogging, featuring very short posts.

'Blog' and 'blogging' are now loosely used for content creation and sharing on social media, especially when the content is long-form and i creates and shares content on regular ground. So, one could be maintaining a weblog on Facebook or blogging on Instagram.

On February 16, 2011[update], there were over 156 meg public blogs in existence. On February 20, 2014, in that location were around 172 one thousand thousand Tumblr[4] and 75.viii million WordPress[5] blogs in beingness worldwide. According to critics and other bloggers, Blogger is the almost pop blogging service used today. However, Blogger does not offer public statistics.[6] [7] Technorati lists 1.3 million blogs as of February 22, 2014.[8]

History

The term "weblog" was coined by Jorn Barger[9] on December 17, 1997. The curt form, "web log", was coined by Peter Merholz, who jokingly bankrupt the discussion weblog into the phrase we weblog in the sidebar of his web log Peterme.com in April or May 1999.[ten] [11] [12] Presently thereafter, Evan Williams at Pyra Labs used "blog" as both a substantive and verb ("to blog", meaning "to edit ane's weblog or to post to one's blog") and devised the term "blogger" in connexion with Pyra Labs' Blogger product, leading to the popularization of the terms.[13]

Origins

Before blogging became popular, digital communities took many forms, including Usenet, commercial online services such as GEnie, Byte Information Exchange (BIX) and the early CompuServe, email lists,[14] and Bulletin Lath Systems (Bbs). In the 1990s, Internet forum software created running conversations with "threads". Threads are topical connections between messages on a virtual "corkboard". From June 14, 1993, Mosaic Communications Corporation maintained their "What's New"[xv] list of new websites, updated daily and archived monthly. The folio was accessible past a special "What'southward New" button in the Mosaic web browser.

The primeval case of a commercial blog was on the first business to consumer Web site created in 1995 by Ty, Inc., which featured a web log in a section called "Online Diary". The entries were maintained by featured Beanie Babies that were voted for monthly by Spider web site visitors.[16]

The modern blog evolved from the online diary where people would keep a running account of the events in their personal lives. Nearly such writers called themselves diarists, journalists, or journalers. Justin Hall, who began personal blogging in 1994 while a pupil at Swarthmore College, is more often than not recognized as ane of the before bloggers,[17] as is Jerry Pournelle.[18] Dave Winer'south Scripting News is too credited with beingness one of the older and longer running weblogs.[19] [twenty] The Australian Netguide mag maintained the Daily Cyberspace News[21] on their web site from 1996. Daily Net News ran links and daily reviews of new websites, more often than not in Commonwealth of australia.

Another early blog was Wearable Wireless Webcam, an online shared diary of a person'southward personal life combining text, digital video, and digital pictures transmitted live from a article of clothing computer and EyeTap device to a spider web site in 1994. This practice of semi-automated blogging with alive video together with text was referred to every bit sousveillance, and such journals were too used as evidence in legal matters. Some early bloggers, such as The Misanthropic Bitch, who began in 1997, actually referred to their online presence as a zine, earlier the term blog entered common usage.

The first research paper well-nigh blogging was Torill Mortensen and Jill Walker Rettberg's newspaper "Blogging Thoughts",[22] which analysed how blogs were being used to foster research communities and the exchange of ideas and scholarship, and how this new means of networking overturns traditional power structures.

Engineering

Early blogs were simply manually updated components of common Websites. In 1995, the "Online Diary" on the Ty, Inc. Web site was produced and updated manually earlier whatever blogging programs were available. Posts were made to appear in reverse chronological society by manually updating text-based HTML code using FTP software in real time several times a solar day. To users, this offered the advent of a live diary that independent multiple new entries per solar day. At the beginning of each new solar day, new diary entries were manually coded into a new HTML file, and at the start of each month, diary entries were archived into their own binder, which contained a separate HTML page for every day of the month. And then, menus that contained links to the nigh recent diary entry were updated manually throughout the site. This text-based method of organizing thousands of files served as a springboard to define future blogging styles that were captured by blogging software developed years subsequently.[16]

The evolution of electronic and software tools to facilitate the production and maintenance of Spider web articles posted in reverse chronological lodge fabricated the publishing process feasible for a much larger and less technically-inclined population. Ultimately, this resulted in the singled-out class of online publishing that produces blogs nosotros recognize today. For example, the apply of some sort of browser-based software is now a typical attribute of "blogging". Blogs tin can be hosted by defended blog hosting services, on regular web hosting services, or run using blog software.

Rise in popularity

Afterwards a tedious outset, blogging apace gained in popularity. Blog usage spread during 1999 and the years post-obit, being further popularized past the well-nigh-simultaneous arrival of the start hosted blog tools:

  • Bruce Ableson launched Open Diary in October 1998, which soon grew to thousands of online diaries. Open Diary innovated the reader comment, condign the beginning blog community where readers could add comments to other writers' blog entries.
  • Brad Fitzpatrick started LiveJournal in March 1999.
  • Andrew Smales created Pitas.com in July 1999 equally an easier culling to maintaining a "news folio" on a Web site, followed by DiaryLand in September 1999, focusing more than on a personal diary community.[23]
  • Evan Williams and Million Hourihan (Pyra Labs) launched Blogger.com in Baronial 1999 (purchased by Google in February 2003)

Political affect

On December half-dozen, 2002, Josh Marshall's talkingpointsmemo.com weblog called attention to U.South. Senator Lott'south comments regarding Senator Thurmond. Senator Lott was somewhen to resign his Senate leadership position over the matter.

An early milestone in the ascent in importance of blogs came in 2002, when many bloggers focused on comments past U.Due south. Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott.[24] Senator Lott, at a party honoring U.S. Senator Strom Thurmond, praised Senator Thurmond past suggesting that the U.s. would accept been better off had Thurmond been elected president. Lott's critics saw these comments as tacit approval of racial segregation, a policy advocated past Thurmond's 1948 presidential campaign. This view was reinforced by documents and recorded interviews dug up by bloggers. (See Josh Marshall'south Talking Points Memo.) Though Lott's comments were made at a public outcome attended past the media, no major media organizations reported on his controversial comments until after blogs broke the story. Blogging helped to create a political crunch that forced Lott to stride downwardly as majority leader.

Similarly, blogs were among the driving forces behind the "Rathergate" scandal. To wit: (television receiver journalist) Dan Rather presented documents (on the CBS bear witness hour) that conflicted with accepted accounts of President Bush's military service record. Bloggers declared the documents to be forgeries and presented prove and arguments in back up of that view. Consequently, CBS apologized for what information technology said were inadequate reporting techniques (see Footling Green Footballs). Many bloggers view this scandal as the advent of blogs' acceptance by the mass media, both every bit a news source and opinion and as means of applying political pressure.[ original enquiry? ] The bear upon of these stories gave greater credibility to blogs as a medium of news broadcasting. Though often seen equally partisan gossips,[ commendation needed ] bloggers sometimes atomic number 82 the way in bringing key data to public light, with mainstream media having to follow their lead. More oft, however, news blogs tend to react to material already published past the mainstream media. Meanwhile, an increasing number of experts blogged, making blogs a source of in-depth analysis.[ original research? ]

In Russian federation, some political bloggers have started to challenge the authorisation of official, overwhelmingly pro-regime media. Bloggers such as Rustem Adagamov and Alexei Navalny accept many followers, and the latter's nickname for the ruling United Russia political party as the "party of crooks and thieves" has been adopted by anti-regime protesters.[25] This led to The Wall Street Journal calling Navalny "the human being Vladimir Putin fears most" in March 2012.[26]

Mainstream popularity

By 2004, the part of blogs became increasingly mainstream, as political consultants, news services, and candidates began using them equally tools for outreach and opinion forming. Blogging was established by politicians and political candidates to limited opinions on war and other issues and cemented blogs' part as a news source. (Come across Howard Dean and Wesley Clark.) Fifty-fifty politicians not actively candidature, such equally the Uk'due south Labour Political party's Member of Parliament (MP) Tom Watson, began to web log to bond with constituents. In January 2005, Fortune magazine listed eight bloggers whom business organization people "could not ignore": Peter Rojas, Xeni Jardin, Ben Trott, Mena Trott, Jonathan Schwartz, Jason Goldman, Robert Scoble, and Jason Calacanis.[27]

Israel was among the first national governments to prepare up an official blog.[28] Under David Saranga, the Israeli Ministry of Strange Affairs became agile in adopting Web two.0 initiatives, including an official video weblog[28] and a political weblog.[29] The Foreign Ministry also held a microblogging press briefing via Twitter about its state of war with Hamas, with Saranga answering questions from the public in common text-messaging abbreviations during a live worldwide press conference.[30] The questions and answers were subsequently posted on IsraelPolitik, the country'due south official political blog.[31]

The affect of blogging on the mainstream media has likewise been best-selling by governments. In 2009, the presence of the American journalism industry had declined to the bespeak that several paper corporations were filing for bankruptcy, resulting in less direct competition between newspapers inside the same circulation surface area. Give-and-take emerged as to whether the newspaper manufacture would benefit from a stimulus bundle by the federal government. U.S. President Barack Obama best-selling the emerging influence of blogging upon lodge by proverb, "if the direction of the news is all blogosphere, all opinions, with no serious fact-checking, no serious attempts to put stories in context, and then what you will cease upwardly getting is people shouting at each other across the void, but not a lot of mutual understanding".[32] Between 2009 and 2012, an Orwell Prize for blogging was awarded.

Types

A screenshot from the BlogActive website.

There are many different types of blogs, differing not only in the type of content, but also in the manner that content is delivered or written.

Personal blogs
The personal weblog is an ongoing online diary or commentary written past an individual, rather than a corporation or system. While the vast majority of personal blogs concenter very few readers, other than the blogger's firsthand family and friends, a small number of personal blogs have become pop, to the point that they have attracted lucrative advertising sponsorship. A tiny number of personal bloggers have become famous, both in the online community and in the real earth.
Collaborative blogs or group blogs
A type of blog in which posts are written and published by more than one author. The bulk of high-profile collaborative blogs are organised co-ordinate to a unmarried uniting theme, such as politics, technology or advancement. In recent years, the blogosphere has seen the emergence and growing popularity of more collaborative efforts, often set up past already established bloggers wishing to pool time and resources, both to reduce the force per unit area of maintaining a pop website and to attract a larger readership.
Microblogging
Microblogging is the practise of posting small pieces of digital content—which could be text, pictures, links, short videos, or other media—on the internet. Microblogging offers a portable communication manner that feels organic and spontaneous to many users. Information technology has captured the public imagination, in part because the short posts are easy to read on the go or when waiting. Friends use it to go on in touch, business associates utilize it to coordinate meetings or share useful resources, and celebrities and politicians (or their publicists) microblog about concert dates, lectures, book releases, or tour schedules. A wide and growing range of improver tools enables sophisticated updates and interaction with other applications. The resulting profusion of functionality is helping to ascertain new possibilities for this type of communication.[33] Examples of these include Twitter, Facebook, Tumblr and, by far the largest, Weibo.
Corporate and organizational blogs
A blog can be individual, equally in most cases, or it can exist for business or non-for-turn a profit organisation or government purposes. Blogs used internally and only available to employees via an Intranet are called corporate blogs. Companies use internal corporate blogs to heighten the communication, culture and employee engagement in a corporation. Internal corporate blogs can be used to communicate news nearly company policies or procedures, build employee camaraderie de corps and better morale. Companies and other organizations also apply external, publicly accessible blogs for marketing, branding, or public relations purposes. Some organizations have a weblog authored past their executive; in practice, many of these executive blog posts are penned by a ghostwriter who makes posts in the manner of the credited writer. Similar blogs for clubs and societies are chosen social club blogs, group blogs, or by similar names; typical utilize is to inform members and other interested parties of order and fellow member activities.
Aggregated blogs
Individuals or system may aggregate selected feeds on a specific topic, product or service and provide a combined view for its readers. This allows readers to concentrate on reading instead of searching for quality on-topic content and managing subscriptions. Many such aggregations called planets from name of Planet (software) that perform such aggregation, hosting sites ordinarily have planet. subdomain in domain name (like http://planet.gnome.org/).
Past genre
Some blogs focus on a particular subject, such as political blogs, journalism blogs, health blogs, travel blogs (also known as travelogs), gardening blogs, house blogs, Volume Blogs,[34] [35] way blogs, beauty blogs, lifestyle blogs, party blogs, hymeneals blogs, photography blogs, projection blogs, psychology blogs, sociology blogs, education blogs, niche blogs, classical music blogs, quizzing blogs, legal blogs (often referred to every bit a blawgs), or dreamlogs. How-to/Tutorial blogs are condign increasing popular.[36] Ii common types of genre blogs are art blogs and music blogs. A blog featuring discussions, especially most home and family is not uncommonly called a mom web log. While not a legitimate type of blog, one used for the sole purpose of spamming is known as a splog.
By media type
A blog comprising videos is called a vlog, i comprising links is called a linklog, a site containing a portfolio of sketches is chosen a sketchblog or one comprising photos is called a photoblog. Blogs with shorter posts and mixed media types are called tumblelogs. Blogs that are written on typewriters and then scanned are called typecast or typecast blogs. A rare type of weblog hosted on the Gopher Protocol is known as a phlog.
By device
A blog can also be defined by which type of device is used to compose it. A web log written by a mobile device similar a mobile phone or PDA could be chosen a moblog.[37] One early blog was Clothing Wireless Webcam, an online shared diary of a person's personal life combining text, video, and pictures transmitted live from a vesture computer and EyeTap device to a web site. This practice of semi-automated blogging with live video together with text was referred to as sousveillance. Such journals have been used as evidence in legal matters.[ citation needed ]
Reverse weblog
A reverse blog is composed by its users rather than a single blogger. This system has the characteristics of a blog and the writing of several authors. These tin be written by several contributing authors on a topic or opened up for anyone to write. At that place is typically some limit to the number of entries to go on information technology from operating like a web forum.[ citation needed ]

Community and cataloging

An artist's depiction of the interconnections betwixt blogs and blog authors in the "blogosphere" in 2007.

Blogosphere
The commonage community of all blogs and weblog authors, particularly notable and widely read blogs, is known every bit the blogosphere. Since all blogs are on the cyberspace by definition, they may be seen equally interconnected and socially networked, through blogrolls, comments, linkbacks (refbacks, trackbacks or pingbacks), and backlinks. Discussions "in the blogosphere" were occasionally used by the media as a gauge of public opinion on various bug. Because new, untapped communities of bloggers and their readers can sally in the space of a few years, Net marketers pay close attention to "trends in the blogosphere".[38]
Blog search engines
Several blog search engines have been used to search blog contents, such as Bloglines (defunct), BlogScope (defunct), and Technorati (defunct).
Blogging communities and directories
Several online communities exist that connect people to blogs and bloggers to other bloggers. Interest-specific blogging platforms are also bachelor. For instance, Blogster has a sizable community of political bloggers among its members. Global Voices aggregates international bloggers, "with emphasis on voices that are not ordinarily heard in international mainstream media."[39]
Blogging and advertising
Information technology is common for blogs to characteristic banner advertisements or promotional content, either to financially do good the blogger, support website hosting costs, or to promote the blogger'due south favourite causes or products. The popularity of blogs has also given rise to "faux blogs" in which a visitor volition create a fictional blog every bit a marketing tool to promote a product.[40]

As the popularity of blogging connected to rising (as of 2006), the commercialisation of blogging is rapidly increasing. Many corporations and companies collaborate with bloggers to increase advertising and engage online communities with their products. In the book Fans, Bloggers, and Gamers, Henry Jenkins stated that "Bloggers accept knowledge into their own easily, enabling successful navigation within and between these emerging cognition cultures. I can encounter such behaviour as co-optation into commodity culture insofar equally it sometimes collaborates with corporate interests, but one can also see information technology every bit increasing the variety of media culture, providing opportunities for greater inclusiveness, and making more responsive to consumers."[41]

Popularity

  • Before 2006: The blogdex project was launched by researchers in the MIT Media Lab to crawl the Web and gather data from thousands of blogs to investigate their social backdrop. Information was gathered by the tool for over 4 years, during which it apart tracked the most contagious information spreading in the blog customs, ranking it by recency and popularity. It can, therefore,[ original enquiry? ] exist considered the first instantiation of a memetracker. The project was replaced by tailrank.com, which in turn has been replaced by spinn3r.com.
  • 2006: Blogs are given rankings past Alexa Net (web hits of Alexa Toolbar users), and formerly by blog search engine Technorati based on the number of incoming links (Technorati stopped doing this in 2014). In August 2006, Technorati found that the about linked-to blog on the cyberspace was that of Chinese actress Xu Jinglei.[42] Chinese media Xinhua reported that this blog received more than than 50 one thousand thousand folio views, challenge it to be the virtually popular blog in the earth.[43] [ better source needed ] Technorati rated Boing Boing to be the most-read group-written web log.[42]
  • 2008: Equally of 2008[update], blogging had become such a mania that a new blog was created every second of every minute of every hour of every 24-hour interval.[44] Researchers have actively analyzed the dynamics of how blogs become pop. There are essentially two measures of this: popularity through citations, as well as popularity through affiliation (i.e., blogroll). The basic conclusion from studies of the structure of blogs is that while it takes time for a weblog to become pop through blogrolls, permalinks can boost popularity more quickly and are perchance more indicative of popularity and potency than blogrolls since they denote that people are actually reading the blog's content and deem it valuable or noteworthy in specific cases.[45]

Blurring with the mass media

Many bloggers, specially those engaged in participatory journalism, are amateur journalists, and thus they differentiate themselves from the professional reporters and editors who piece of work in mainstream media organizations. Other bloggers are media professionals who are publishing online, rather than via a TV station or newspaper, either as an add-on to a traditional media presence (due east.g., hosting a radio show or writing a column in a paper newspaper), or equally their sole journalistic output. Some institutions and organizations encounter blogging equally a ways of "getting effectually the filter" of media "gatekeepers" and pushing their messages directly to the public. Many mainstream journalists, meanwhile, write their own blogs—well over 300, according to CyberJournalist.net's J-blog list.[ commendation needed ] The get-go known utilise of a weblog on a news site was in August 1998, when Jonathan Dube of The Charlotte Observer published one chronicling Hurricane Bonnie.[46]

Some bloggers accept moved over to other media. The following bloggers (and others) have appeared on radio and television: Duncan Black (known widely by his pseudonym, Atrios), Glenn Reynolds (Instapundit), Markos Moulitsas Zúniga (Daily Kos), Alex Steffen (Worldchanging), Ana Marie Cox (Wonkette), Nate Silver (FiveThirtyEight.com), and Ezra Klein (Ezra Klein blog in The American Prospect, now in The Washington Mail''). In counterpoint, Hugh Hewitt exemplifies a mass media personality who has moved in the other management, adding to his reach in "former media" by beingness an influential blogger. Similarly, information technology was Emergency Preparedness and Rubber Tips On Air and Online weblog manufactures that captured Surgeon Full general of the U.s. Richard Carmona's attention and earned his kudos for the associated broadcasts past talk evidence host Lisa Tolliver and Westchester Emergency Volunteer Reserves-Medical Reserve Corps Manager Marianne Partridge.[47] [48]

Blogs have also had an influence on minority languages, bringing together scattered speakers and learners; this is particularly and so with blogs in Gaelic languages. Minority language publishing (which may lack economic feasibility) tin find its audience through cheap blogging. There are examples of bloggers who accept published books based on their blogs, east.1000., Salam Pax, Ellen Simonetti, Jessica Cutler, and ScrappleFace. Blog-based books have been given the proper name blook. A prize for the all-time web log-based book was initiated in 2005,[49] the Lulu Blooker Prize.[fifty] Nonetheless, success has been elusive offline, with many of these books not selling as well every bit their blogs. The book based on Julie Powell's weblog "The Julie/Julia Project" was made into the moving-picture show Julie & Julia, manifestly the first to exercise and then.

Consumer-generated advertisement

Consumer-generated advertising is a relatively new and controversial development, and it has created a new model of marketing advice from businesses to consumers. Amidst the various forms of advertizing on weblog, the well-nigh controversial are the sponsored posts.[51] These are blog entries or posts and may exist in the form of feedback, reviews, opinion, videos, etc. and usually comprise a link back to the desired site using a keyword or several keywords. Blogs have led to some disintermediation and a breakup of the traditional advert model, where companies can skip over the advertising agencies (previously the only interface with the customer) and contact the customers directly via social media websites. On the other hand, new companies specialised in weblog advertising take been established to have advantage of this new evolution likewise. However, there are many people who look negatively on this new evolution. Some believe that whatever form of commercial activity on blogs will destroy the blogosphere's credibility.[52]

Legal and social consequences

Blogging tin can result in a range of legal liabilities and other unforeseen consequences.[53]

Defamation or liability

Several cases have been brought earlier the national courts confronting bloggers concerning issues of defamation or liability. U.S. payouts related to blogging totalled $17.4 1000000 by 2009; in some cases these have been covered by umbrella insurance.[54] The courts have returned with mixed verdicts. Internet Service Providers (ISPs), in full general, are allowed from liability for information that originates with third parties (U.Southward. Communications Decency Deed and the Eu Directive 2000/31/EC). In Doe five. Cahill, the Delaware Supreme Courtroom held that stringent standards had to exist met to unmask the anonymous bloggers and too took the unusual footstep of dismissing the libel case itself (as unfounded nether American libel law) rather than referring it back to the trial courtroom for reconsideration.[55] In a bizarre twist, the Cahills were able to obtain the identity of John Doe, who turned out to exist the person they suspected: the town's mayor, Councilman Cahill's political rival. The Cahills amended their original complaint, and the mayor settled the case rather than going to trial.

In January 2007, ii prominent Malaysian political bloggers, Jeff Ooi and Ahirudin Attan, were sued past a pro-regime newspaper, The New Straits Times Printing (Malaysia) Berhad, Kalimullah bin Masheerul Hassan, Hishamuddin bin Aun and Brenden John a/l John Pereira over declared defamation. The plaintiff was supported past the Malaysian authorities.[56] Following the adapt, the Malaysian government proposed to "register" all bloggers in Malaysia to better control parties against their interests.[57] This is the outset such legal case confronting bloggers in the country. In the United States, blogger Aaron Wall was sued by Traffic Ability for defamation and publication of merchandise secrets in 2005.[58] According to Wired mag, Traffic Power had been "banned from Google for allegedly rigging search engine results."[59] Wall and other "white chapeau" search engine optimization consultants had exposed Traffic Power in what they claim was an endeavour to protect the public. The case was dismissed for lack of personal jurisdiction, and Traffic Power failed to appeal within the immune time.[60]

In 2009, NDTV issued a legal discover to Indian blogger Kunte for a blog postal service criticizing their coverage of the Mumbai attacks.[61] The blogger unconditionally withdrew his mail, which resulted in several Indian bloggers criticizing NDTV for trying to silence critics.[62]

Employment

Employees who blog most elements of their identify of employment can begin to touch on the reputation of their employer, either in a positive way, if the employee is praising the employer and its workplaces, or in a negative way, if the blogger is making negative comments virtually the company or its practices.

In full general, attempts by employee bloggers to protect themselves by maintaining anonymity have proved ineffective.[63] In 2009, a controversial and landmark conclusion by The Hon. Mr Justice Eady refused to grant an order to protect the anonymity of Richard Horton. Horton was a law officer in the United Kingdom who blogged almost his job under the name "NightJack".[64]

Delta Air Lines fired flight bellboy Ellen Simonetti because she posted photographs of herself in compatible on an airplane and because of comments posted on her blog "Queen of Heaven: Diary of a Flight Attendant" which the employer deemed inappropriate.[65] [66] This case highlighted the issue of personal blogging and liberty of expression versus employer rights and responsibilities, and so it received wide media attention. Simonetti took legal action against the airline for "wrongful termination, defamation of character and lost hereafter wages".[67] The accommodate was postponed while Delta was in bankruptcy proceedings.[68]

In early on 2006, Erik Ringmar, a senior lecturer at the London Schoolhouse of Economic science, was ordered past the convenor of his department to "accept down and destroy" his blog in which he discussed the quality of teaching at the school.[69]

Mark Jen was terminated in 2005 after 10 days of employment as an assistant product manager at Google for discussing corporate secrets on his personal blog, then called 99zeros and hosted on the Google-owned Blogger service.[seventy] He blogged about unreleased products and company finances a calendar week before the visitor's earnings proclamation. He was fired two days subsequently he complied with his employer'due south request to remove the sensitive material from his weblog.[71]

In India, blogger Gaurav Sabnis resigned from IBM after his posts questioned the claims fabricated past a management schoolhouse.[72] Jessica Cutler, aka "The Washingtonienne", blogged well-nigh her sex life while employed as a congressional banana. Later on the blog was discovered and she was fired,[73] she wrote a novel based on her experiences and blog: The Washingtonienne: A Novel. As of 2006[update], Cutler is being sued by one of her quondam lovers in a example that could establish the extent to which bloggers are obligated to protect the privacy of their real life assembly.[74]

Catherine Sanderson, a.k.a. Petite Anglaise, lost her job in Paris at a British accountancy firm because of blogging.[75] Although given in the blog in a adequately anonymous manner, some of the descriptions of the firm and some of its people were less than flattering. Sanderson later won a compensation merits case confronting the British house, yet.[76]

On the other hand, Penelope Torso wrote an upbeat article in The Boston Earth in 2006, entitled "Blogs 'essential' to a skilful career".[77] She was i of the first journalists to signal out that a large portion of bloggers are professionals and that a well-written web log tin can help attract employers.

Business organization owners

Business owners who blog about their business concern can likewise run into legal consequences. Mark Cuban, owner of the Dallas Mavericks, was fined during the 2006 NBA playoffs for criticizing NBA officials on the court and in his weblog.[78]

Political dangers

Blogging tin sometimes have unforeseen consequences in politically sensitive areas. In some countries, Net police or hole-and-corner police may monitor blogs and arrest web log authors or commentators. Blogs can be much harder to command than broadcast or print media because a person can create a blog whose authorship is hard to trace by using anonymity technology such as Tor. As a effect, totalitarian and authoritarian regimes ofttimes seek to suppress blogs and/or punish those who maintain them.

In Singapore, two ethnic Chinese individuals were imprisoned nether the state's anti-sedition police force for posting anti-Muslim remarks in their blogs.[79] Egyptian blogger Kareem Amer was charged with insulting the Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak and an Islamic establishment through his blog. It is the showtime fourth dimension in the history of Egypt that a blogger was prosecuted. Afterwards a brief trial session that took identify in Alexandria, the blogger was plant guilty and sentenced to prison terms of 3 years for insulting Islam and inciting sedition and ane year for insulting Mubarak.[80] Egyptian blogger Abdel Monem Mahmoud was arrested in April 2007 for anti-government writings in his blog. Monem is a fellow member of the and so banned Muslim Brotherhood. After the 2011 Egyptian revolution, the Egyptian blogger Maikel Nabil Sanad was charged with insulting the war machine for an commodity he wrote on his personal weblog and sentenced to 3 years.[81]

Later expressing opinions in his personal weblog virtually the state of the Sudanese armed forces, Jan Pronk, United Nations Special Representative for Sudan, was given three days notice to leave Sudan. The Sudanese ground forces had demanded his deportation.[82] [83] In Myanmar, Nay Phone Latt, a blogger, was sentenced to 20 years in jail for posting a cartoon critical of caput of land Than Shwe.[84]

Personal rubber

One consequence of blogging is the possibility of online or in-person attacks or threats against the blogger, sometimes without apparent reason. In some cases, bloggers have faced cyberbullying. Kathy Sierra, author of the blog "Creating Passionate Users",[85] was the target of threats and misogynistic insults to the point that she cancelled her keynote speech at a technology conference in San Diego, fearing for her safe.[86] While a blogger'south anonymity is often tenuous, Internet trolls who would assault a blogger with threats or insults tin can be emboldened past the anonymity of the online surround, where some users are known only by a pseudonymous "username" (e.k., "Hacker1984"). Sierra and supporters initiated an online word aimed at countering calumniating online behaviour[87] and adult a Blogger's Code of Conduct, which set out a rules for behaviour in the online space.

Behaviour

The Blogger's Code of Conduct is a list of seven proposed ideas.

See also

  • Blog award
  • BROG
  • Chat room
  • Denizen journalism
  • Collaborative blog
  • Comparison of free weblog hosting services
  • Customer engagement
  • Glossary of blogging
  • Interactive journalism
  • Internet recollect tank
  • Israblog
  • List of blogs
  • List of family unit-and-homemaking blogs
  • Mass collaboration
  • Perzine
  • Prison blogs
  • Sideblog
  • Social blogging
  • Think aloud protocol
  • Webmaster
  • Spider web template organisation
  • Web traffic

References

  1. ^ Blood, Rebecca (September 7, 2000). "Weblogs: A History And Perspective". Archived from the original on May 30, 2015. Retrieved September ii, 2008.
  2. ^ Mutum, Dilip; Wang, Qing (2010). "Consumer Generated Advertising in Blogs". In Neal Thousand. Burns; Terry Daugherty; Matthew Due south. Eastin (eds.). Handbook of Enquiry on Digital Media and Advertising: User Generated Content Consumption. Vol. 1. IGI Global. pp. 248–261.
  3. ^ Gaudeul, Alexia & Peroni, Chiara (2010). "Reciprocal attending and norm of reciprocity in blogging networks". Economic science Bulletin. 30 (3): 2230–2248.
  4. ^ "About Tumblr.com. Retrieved February 20, 2014". Tumblr.com. Retrieved February twenty, 2014.
  5. ^ "Stats. Retrieved February 20, 2014". Wordpress.com. Retrieved February 20, 2014.
  6. ^ "The Most Reliable and Unreliable Blogging Services". Royal.pigdim.com. December xv, 2011. Archived from the original on June 18, 2014. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
  7. ^ "Five All-time Blogging Platforms". LifeHacker.com. June twenty, 2010.
  8. ^ "Technorati.com". Archived from the original on Feb 22, 2014.
  9. ^ "Afterwards 10 Years of Blogs, the Hereafter'southward Brighter Than E'er". Wired. December 17, 2007. Retrieved June 5, 2008.
  10. ^ "It's the links, stupid". The Economist. April xx, 2006. Retrieved June five, 2008.
  11. ^ Merholz, Peter (1999). "Peterme.com". Internet Archive. Archived from the original on Oct 13, 1999. Retrieved June 5, 2008.
  12. ^ Kottke, Jason (August 26, 2003). "kottke.org". Retrieved June 5, 2008.
  13. ^ Origins of "Blog" and "Blogger" Archived November iii, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, American Dialect Social club Mailing List (April twenty, 2008).
  14. ^ The term "due east-log" has been used to depict journal entries sent out via e-mail since as early as March 1996.Norman, David (July thirteen, 2005). "Users confused by blogs". Archived from the original on June 7, 2007. Retrieved June 5, 2008. "Research staff and students welcome 'E-Log'". University College London. December 2003. Archived from the original on August 12, 2007. Retrieved June 5, 2008.
  15. ^ What's New!. Home.mcom.com. Retrieved June 15, 2013.
  16. ^ a b Bissonnette, Zac (March 2015). "The $12-per-hour Folklore Major Who Made Ty Warner a Billionaire". The Great Beanie Baby Bubble: Mass Delusion and the Nighttime Side of Cute. Penguin Books. pp. 107–121. ISBN978-1591846024.
  17. ^ Harmanci, Reyhan (February 20, 2005). "Fourth dimension to become a life — pioneer blogger Justin Hall bows out at 31". San Francisco Chronicle . Retrieved June 5, 2008.
  18. ^ Pournelle, Jerry. "Chaos Manor in Perspective". Jerry Pournelle'due south web log. "I can make some claim to this existence The Original Blog and Daybook. I certainly started keeping a day book well before most, and long earlier the term "blog" or Spider web Log was invented. BIX, the Byte data exchange, preceded the Web by a lot, and I also had a daily journal on GE Genie. All that was long before the Www." – Jerry Pournelle
  19. ^ Festa, Paul (February 25, 2003). "Newsmaker: Blogging comes to Harvard". CNET. Retrieved January 25, 2007.
  20. ^ "...Dave Winer... whose Scripting News (scripting.com) is ane of the oldest blogs."Gallagher, David F. (June ten, 2002). "Engineering science; A rift among bloggers". The New York Times.
  21. ^ Australian Net Guide. Spider web.annal.org (November 12, 1996). Retrieved June 15, 2013.
  22. ^ Mortensen 1, Torill 2; Walker, Jill (2002). "Blogging thoughts: personal publication as an online inquiry tool" (PDF). Researching ICTs in Context: 249–279.
  23. ^ "San Antonio Attorneys". Archived from the original on April 11, 2008. Retrieved March 29, 2008.
  24. ^ Massing, Michael (August 13, 2009). "The News Well-nigh the Internet". New York Review of Books. 56 (thirteen): 29–32. Retrieved October 10, 2009.
  25. ^ Daniel Sandford, BBC News: "Russians tire of abuse spectacle", https://www.bbc.co.u.k./news/globe-europe-15972326
  26. ^ Kaminski, Matthew (March 3, 2012). "The Man Vladimir Putin Fears Virtually (the weekend interview)". The Wall Street Journal.
  27. ^ Kirkpatrick, David; Roth, Daniel. "Why There's No Escaping the Blog". Fortune. Archived from the original on Jan 1, 2005. Retrieved Jan 30, 2014.
  28. ^ a b Israel Video Blog aims to show the earth 'the beautiful face of real Israel', Ynet, Feb 24, 2008.
  29. ^ Latest PR venture of Israel'due south embassy in New York attracts big Arab audience, Ynet, June 21, 2007.
  30. ^ Haviv Rettig Gur (December 30, 2008). "Battlefront Twitter". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on November 10, 2011.
  31. ^ The Toughest Q's Answered in the Briefest Tweets, Noam Cohen, The New York Times, January 3, 2009. Retrieved January five, 2009.
  32. ^ Journalists deserve subsidies besides Archived March 24, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Robert W. McChesney and John Nichols, Delaware Online, November 3, 2009. Retrieved Nov 10, 2009.
  33. ^ "7 Things You Should Know About Microblogging". Educause.Edu. July 7, 2009. Retrieved October 25, 2012.
  34. ^ Stephan Metcalf, "Fixing a Hole", The New York Times, March 2006
  35. ^ Jennifer Saranow, "Blogwatch: This Old House", The Wall Street Journal, September 2007
  36. ^ "52 Types of Web log Posts that Are Proven to Work". Problogger.net. September 2, 2011. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
  37. ^ "Blogging goes mobile". BBC News. February 23, 2003. Retrieved June v, 2008.
  38. ^ See for instance:
    • Mesure, Susie (Baronial 23, 2009). "Is it a diary? Is information technology an advertizing? It'southward a mummy web log". The Independent. London. p. 11. Retrieved Oct ten, 2009.
  39. ^ "Global Voices: Nigh". GlobalVoices.org. Retrieved April 2, 2011.
  40. ^ Gogoi, Pallavi (October 9, 2006). "Wal-Mart's Jim and Laura: The Real Story". Bloomberg BusinessWeek. Archived from the original on September 26, 2008. Retrieved August 6, 2008.
  41. ^ Jenkins, Henry (2006). Fans, Bloggers, and Gamers. New York: New York University Printing. p. 151. ISBN978-0814742853.
  42. ^ a b Fickling, David, Internet killed the TV star, The Guardian NewsBlog, Baronial 15, 2006
  43. ^ "Xu Jinglei virtually popular blogger in globe". China Daily. August 24, 2006. Retrieved June 5, 2008.
  44. ^ Keen, Andrew (2008). The Cult of the Amateur: How Today's Internet Is Killing Our Culture. New York: Nicholas Brealey Publishing. p. iii. ISBN978-1857885200.
  45. ^ Marlow, C. Audience, structure and authority in the weblog customs. Presented at the International Advice Association Conference, May 2004, New Orleans, LA.
  46. ^ "Blogging Bonnie". Poynter.org. September 18, 2003.
  47. ^ "National Rubber Month". Nsc.org. Archived from the original on June 16, 2014. Retrieved April 9, 2010.
  48. ^ "Flavor Flav Celebrates National Condom Calendar month". Blogcritics. Archived from the original on February 13, 2009.
  49. ^ "Blooker rewards books from blogs". BBC News. October xi, 2005. Retrieved June 5, 2008.
  50. ^ "Blooker prize honours best blogs". BBC News. March 17, 2007. Retrieved June 5, 2008.
  51. ^ Mutum, Dilip and Wang, Qing (2010). "Consumer Generated Advertising in Blogs". In Neal M. Burns, Terry Daugherty, Matthew S. Eastin (Eds) Handbook of Research on Digital Media and Advertising: User Generated Content Consumption (Vol one), IGI Global, 248–261.
  52. ^ "PayPerPost.com offers to sell your soul". TechCrunch. June 30, 2006. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
  53. ^ "Article Window". The Times of India . Retrieved October 25, 2012.
  54. ^ McQueen MP. (2009). Bloggers, Beware: What You Write Can Get You Sued. The Wall Street Periodical.
  55. ^ Doe v. Cahill, 884 A.2d 451 (Del. 2005).
  56. ^ "New Straits Times staffers sue two bloggers". Reporters Without Borders. January 19, 2007. Archived from the original on June 8, 2008. Retrieved June 5, 2008.
  57. ^ "Regime plans to strength bloggers to annals". Reporters Without Borders. Apr 6, 2007. Archived from the original on June xi, 2008. Retrieved June 5, 2008.
  58. ^ Kesmodel, David (Baronial 31, 2005). "Blogger Faces Lawsuit Over Comments Posted by Readers". The Wall Street Periodical . Retrieved June v, 2008.
  59. ^ Wired Magazine, Legal Showdown in Search Fracas, September viii, 2005
  60. ^ Sullivan, Danny (April 13, 2006). "SearchEngineWatch". Web log.searchenginewatch.com. Archived from the original on February 4, 2009. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
  61. ^ "Barkha versus blogger". The Hoot. Retrieved February 2, 2009.
  62. ^ "Indian bloggers criticizing NDTV". Abhishekarora.com. February 8, 2009. Archived from the original on Feb 12, 2009. Retrieved April 21, 2013.
  63. ^ Sanderson, Cathrine (April 2, 2007). "Blogger beware!". The Guardian. London. Retrieved Apr 2, 2007.
  64. ^ "Ruling on NightJack author Richard Horton kills blogger anonymity". Archived from the original on August 29, 2011.
  65. ^ Twist, Jo (November three, 2004). "Usa Blogger Fired past her Airline". BBC News . Retrieved June 5, 2008.
  66. ^ "Delta employee fired for blogging sues airline". USA Today. September 8, 2005. Retrieved June v, 2008.
  67. ^ "Queen of the Sky gets marching orders". The Register. November iii, 2004. Retrieved June five, 2008.
  68. ^ "Twelfth Motorbus Claims Objection" (PDF) . Retrieved July eight, 2014.
  69. ^ MacLeod, Donald (May 3, 2006). "Lecturer's Blog Sparks Gratuitous Spoken language Row". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on June 12, 2008. Retrieved June 5, 2008. See likewise "Forget the Footnotes". Archived from the original on April 13, 2006.
  70. ^ Hansen, Evan (February eight, 2005). "Google blogger has left the building". CNET News. Retrieved April four, 2007.
  71. ^ "Plaxoed! » the official story, straight from the source [Mark Jen's life @ Plaxo]". Archived from the original on July 25, 2008. Retrieved September 10, 2008.
  72. ^ "Bloggers bring together hands against B-school". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on December 14, 2005. Retrieved January xxx, 2011.
  73. ^ "The Loma's Sexual activity Diarist Reveals All (Well, Some)". The Washington Post. May 23, 2004. Retrieved June v, 2008.
  74. ^ "Steamy D.C. Sex Blog Scandal Heads to Court". NBC News. Dec 27, 2006. Retrieved June 5, 2008.
  75. ^ "Bridget Jones Blogger Fire Fury". CNN. July 19, 2006. Retrieved June 5, 2008.
  76. ^ "Sacked 'petite anglaise' blogger wins compensation claim". The Sydney Morning Herald. March 31, 2007. Retrieved February 6, 2015.
  77. ^ Trunk, Penelope (April 16, 2006). "Blogs 'essential' to a good career". The Boston Globe . Retrieved April 21, 2013.
  78. ^ "NBA fines Cuban $200K for antics on, off court". ESPN. May xi, 2006. Retrieved June 5, 2008.
  79. ^ Kierkegaard, Sylvia (2006). "Blogs, lies and the doocing: The next hotbed of litigation?". Reckoner Law & Security Report. 22 (2): 127. doi:x.1016/j.clsr.2006.01.002.
  80. ^ "Arab republic of egypt blogger jailed for insult". BBC News. February 22, 2007. Retrieved June v, 2008.
  81. ^ Knafo, Saki (September fifteen, 2011). "Maikel Nabil Sanad, On Hunger Strike in Egypt, Is Dying". HuffPost . Retrieved Dec 29, 2011.
  82. ^ "Sudan expels U.N. envoy for weblog". CNN. October 22, 2006. Retrieved March fourteen, 2007.
  83. ^ "Un envoy leaves after Sudan row". BBC News. BBC. Oct 23, 2006. Retrieved Oct 24, 2006.
  84. ^ "Burma blogger jailed for twenty years". BBC News. November 11, 2008. Retrieved March 26, 2010.
  85. ^ "Headrush.typepad.com". Headrush.typepad.com. Retrieved April 21, 2013.
  86. ^ Pham, Alex (March 31, 2007). "Abuse, threats quiet bloggers' keyboards" (PDF). Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 25, 2008. Retrieved June five, 2008.
  87. ^ "Blog death threats spark contend". BBC News. March 27, 2007. Retrieved June 5, 2008.

Further reading

  • Alavi, Nasrin. We Are Islamic republic of iran: The Persian Blogs, Soft Skull Press, New York, 2005. ISBN ane-933368-05-5.
  • Bruns, Axel, and Joanne Jacobs, eds. Uses of Blogs, Peter Lang, New York, 2006. ISBN 0-8204-8124-6.
  • Claret, Rebecca. "Weblogs: A History and Perspective" Archived May 30, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. "Rebecca's Pocket".
  • Kline, David; Burstein, Dan. Blog!: How the Newest Media Revolution is Irresolute Politics, Business, and Culture, Squibnocket Partners, L.L.C., 2005. ISBN 1-59315-141-i.
  • Gorman, Michael. "Revenge of the Blog People!". Library Journal.
  • Heriot, Gail, Are Modern Bloggers Following in the Footsteps of Publius (and Other Musings on Blogging by Legal Scholars...), viii Wash. U. Fifty. Rev. 1113 (2006).
  • Ringmar, Erik. A Blogger's Manifesto: Free Speech and Censorship in the Historic period of the Internet (London: Canticle Press, 2007).
  • Rosenberg, Scott, Say Everything: how blogging Began, what it's condign, and why it matters, New York : Crown Publishers, 2009. ISBN 978-0-307-45136-1
  • Weinberger, David (August 31, 2015), "Why blogging still matters", The Boston World

External links

Wait upwards blog in Wiktionary, the gratuitous dictionary.

Wikiquote has quotations related to Blogging .

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Blogs.

  • Computer Constabulary and Security Report Book 22 Result 2, Pages 127–136 blogs, Lies and the Doocing by Sylvia Kierkegaard (2006)
  • Legal Guide for bloggers by the Electronic Frontier Foundation
  • Police force Library Legal Blawgs Spider web Archive from the U.S. Library of Congress

6 8 In Simplest Form,

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog

Posted by: vernondaventure.blogspot.com

0 Response to "6 8 In Simplest Form"

Post a Comment

Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)

Iklan Atas Artikel

Iklan Tengah Artikel 1

Iklan Tengah Artikel 2

Iklan Bawah Artikel